Sewage system and cases of diarrhea in Macapá/AP
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.6008/CBPC2179-6858.2021.002.0028Keywords:
Public Health, Sanitary and Environmental Factors, Space-seasonal Variations, Multivariate AnalysisAbstract
Macapá-AP is one of the Brazilian capitals that has one of the worst quality indicators of its sewage system (SES). In addition, there is a deep scarcity of studies that specifically address correlating health and environmental indicators with those of public health, such as the number of cases of diarrhea (NOCD) in Amazonian cities. In this context, the objective of this research is statistically to correlate NOCD with some indices and sub-indices of environmental health (ISA), among other environmental variables in the city of Macapá/Amapá/Brazil considering two different seasonal periods. The research methodology followed three stages: 1) quantification of NOCD, categorized into two seasonal periods, dry and rainy, between 2017 and 2018; 2) quantification of sanitary and environmental variables available in the literature, such as ISA, microbiological quality of water from underground wells, sanitary and environmental conditions, presence/absence of sewage networks in neighborhoods (RE), etc.; 3) use of geographic information system (GIS) and multivariate statistical analysis to correlate NOCD with independent variables. The results, made available in the form of space-seasonal maps and statistical tables, show significant correlations between NOCD and independent variables, with significance for ISA (and sub-indices) and RE (p<0.05), regardless of seasonal period. Seasonally, significant characteristic oscillations of NOCD were observed. We conclude, paradoxically, that NOCD correlates negatively with ISA and RE. Therefore, the hypothesis is rejected that where there is RE or better ISA in Macapá should impact on the reduction of NOCD. But when statistically tested, an opposite effect was observed in NOCD.
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