New coronavirus disease and maternal-fetal repercussions sars-cov-2 infection from pregnancy to the puerperium

Resumen

The SARS-CoV-2 virus accumulates more than 397 million cases and almost 5.8 million deaths worldwide. It is an agent transmitted by droplets of infected secretions. During pregnancy, a variety of circumstances can affect maternal health, fetal development, and neonatal health, and the environment to which the expectant mother is exposed can leave a permanent imprint on the baby's physiology. Thus, there is a real need for special attention in the relationship of pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Therefore, it is important to raise the new findings relating to COVID-19 throughout the period from pregnancy to the puerperium, including childbirth and breastfeeding. The objective of this work was to analyze the existing literature in order to raise knowledge of the relationship between COVID-19 and the entire period involving pregnancy. It is a qualitative, basic, exploratory work and an integrative bibliographic procedure. The search was carried out in the repositories: Pubmed, Bireme, Lilacs and Scielo using the descriptors: Infection, COVID-19 and New born, in English, Portuguese and Spanish, published in 2020 and 2021. The literature (24 articles) showed that there is conflict between multiple data. Pregnancy and neonatal periods are considered high risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection. The mechanism of neonatal infection is not clear, there are cases of transplacental transmission, infected at birth, by direct contact and who did not become infected. Regarding the evolution and prognosis of the disease, when symptomatic, babies have predominantly respiratory dysfunctions. There is no consensus on whether breastfeeding should be done directly or indirectly and whether the baby should be immediately separated from the positive mother. It is considered that there is a lot of inconclusive information about the subjects analyzed and that much remains to be done to build strong scientific evidence on the subject.