Systemic diseases and interdisciplinary: the importance of dialogue between dental surgeon and doctor in the treatment and prognosis of people with systemic diseases

Abstract

In the last decades, the association between systemic diseases and oral disorders has become more evident. Therefore, it is essential that there is constant communication between medical professionals and dentists, aiming at comprehensive and humanized care and, thus, better prognosis and quality of life for the patient. Thus, the objective of this work is to elucidate the importance of the interprofessional approach among these professionals, focusing on the treatment of people with a history of systemic diseases, such as Systemic Arterial Hypertension (SAH), Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and heart diseases. Therefore, a literature review was carried out, with articles in Portuguese and Spanish, between the years 2016 and 2020. It was found that, in DM, it is possible to observe an association with changes in the oral cavity such as periodontal disease (PD), taste, oral candidiasis, dry mouth and halitosis. In addition, there was strong evidence both between PD and DM and with SAH / heart disease showing a beneficial interaction to both pathologies. While, on the one hand, hyperglycemia can predispose to the onset and worsening of PD, this, on the other hand, has an influence on worsening glycemic control. The systemic inflammatory process promoted by PD has been shown to be associated with the development or worsening of cardiovascular diseases and patients who do not respond to periodontal treatment have a high risk of cardiovascular disease.