Phenotypic and molecular characterization of Zingiber officinale roscoe cultivated in the north of Mato Grosso, Brazil
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.6008/CBPC2179-6858.2021.006.0016Keywords:
Genetic resources, Morpho-agronomic descriptors, Ginger, Joint analysis, SSRAbstract
Zingiber officinale Roscoe, popularly known as ginger, is grown in Brazil by family farmers and backyard maintainers, in addition to being used in cooking and as a traditional medicine. Considering the importance of the species, this study aimed to characterize, using phenotypic (quantitative and qualitative) and molecular markers, genotypes of Zingiber officinale cultivated in four municipalities in the state of Mato Grosso, and thus, to identify the genetic diversity existing between them. Thirty genotypes were characterized from 21 phenotypic descriptors (seven quantitative and 14 qualitative) and eight SSR primers. Among the quantitative descriptors, the rhizome productivity contributed 97% to the diversity between the genotypes, showing a weak correlation (r = 0.4) with the height of the plant and moderate (r = 0.54) with the number of tillers per plant. Of the 14 qualitative descriptors, only eight showed polymorphism, with the colors of the rhizome leaf and pulp being the characteristics of greatest variability. The SSR primers used were highly informative and showed observed heterozygosity (Ho) less than expected (He). The analysis of phenotypic and molecular data showed differences in the formation of genetic groups, with a correlation, although very weak (r ≅ 0.05), between quantitative and molecular data. The joint analysis showed a moderate correlation (0.7 > r > 0.50) with the phenotypic (quantitative and qualitative) and molecular analyses. From the phenotypic and molecular characterization, isolated and joint, it was possible to identify that there is genetic diversity among the 30 genotypes of Zingiber officinale evaluated, indicating a process of differentiation between populations and pointing, therefore, the importance of the conservation of this material for programs of conservation and genetic improvement of the species.
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