Analysis of sustainability in Rio Grande do Sul: a spatio-temporal application of the sustainability barometer
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.6008/CBPC2179-6858.2021.001.0038Keywords:
Sustainability Indicators, Environmental Welfare Index, Human Well-Being Index, Moran index, Spatial analysisAbstract
The expanded concept of sustainability discusses the balance between environmental quality, economic prosperity and social justice, with the aim of ensuring the availability of natural resources for the next generations. The state of Rio Grande do Sul has limitations related to the high percentage of anthropized areas, a high index of industrial polluting potential and has the least protected biome in the country. The Sustainability Barometer is a two-dimensional instrument that measures the degree of sustainability, through the association of environmental, economic and social indicators. The objective of this study was to analyze sustainability, in the municipalities and in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, through the application of the Sustainability Barometer, in two time periods, 2000 and 2016. The sustainability indicators were calculated and the spatial analysis and distribution was performed, through the Moran Index, in order to identify clusters with municipalities that need urgent effective intervention. Rio Grande do Sul obtained an intermediate degree of sustainability in both periods, and in 16 years there was a small increase in the sustainability indicator, pointing to little future trend towards sustainability. The study presents the variables that most exerted negative pressure, and indicated that the Sustainability Barometer was efficient in analyzing the degree of sustainability in the municipalities and in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. The spatial distribution of the degree of sustainability, made it possible to understand which regions are in urgent need of intervention, and which can be improved, since no municipality was considered sustainable.
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