Geotechnologies and water quality: studies in public supply reservoirs
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.6008/CBPC2179-6858.2020.007.0055Keywords:
Geotechnology, Water supply, Land cover, Land use, Landscape ecologyAbstract
Regarding the contribution basins of the water reservoirs, the characteristics of land cover and land use, in addition to other anthropic activities, influences the quality of surface water. Thus, getting knowledge about the local land-use as well as the impacts on water quality of public supply reservoirs triggered by landscape changes is a key activity towards the management of water resources within the hydrographic basins in metropolitan regions. Giving the importance of the theme, this article addresses a comprehensive demonstration of how geospatial technologies can contribute to the analysis of the impacts of changes in land use and occupation on water quality in public supply reservoirs. The methodological approach involves the characterization and quantification of the land cover and land use classes at different times and the correlation with the basic parameters of water quality. The study was developed in the three reservoirs of the Paraopeba Water Supply System (Vargem das Flores, Serra Azul, and Rio Manso), which supplies the majority of the population of the Metropolitan Region of Belo Horizonte -MG. The study used official and publicly available data. The methodology used multitemporal analyzes of the dynamics of the land cover and land use, and landscape metrics extracted of landcover classes surrounding the reservoirs. Data processing and analysis were performed using free software QGIS 3.8 and Fragstats 4.2. A diagnosis of the impacts of superficial landscape changes on water quality was produced. Findings show that landscape changes, either the pattern of the classes or landscape metrics reflect on water quality in public supply reservoirs in the metropolitan region. The classified maps of the MapBiomas Platform are satisfactory concerning thematic quality (Kappa index), moreover, the results demonstrated the feasibility of their use in environmental analyzes. The results achieved, added to other information, would certainly allow public bodies (executive and public prosecutors) to make more assertive decisions concerning the management and inspection of water resources. This research is original and structured to allow technology transferring due to a methodology based on open source tools and public data.
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