Application of geoprocessing tools in the analysis of soil occupation and its interaction with water quality by statistical methods of the Suaçuí Grande sub-basin, MG

Abstract

In recent years, activities that contemplate the use and management of the soil have been gaining prominence given their direct influence on the quality of water in a hydrographic basin. The spatial analysis of Hydrographic Basins comprises the understanding of the physical system from the entry and exit of the water volume. Therefore, this work aimed to study the relationship between soil occupation and its interaction with the water quality of the source during the period from 2009 to 2019, in monitoring stations RD049, RD085, RD086, RD087, RD088 and RD089, through the statistical analysis of the time series of water quality parameters and the use and occupation of the Suaçuí Grande River sub-basin area (MG). Multivariate statistical methods offered the possibility of relating the most significant aspects. The monitored stations correspond to areas with variability of land use and occupation classes and over the years it was possible to observe a pattern behavior among some variables. The main parameters responsible for the degradation of water quality were thermotolerant coliforms, total solids, turbidity, phosphorus and mercury. Cross-correlation proved to be efficient in the analyses, showing the relationship between parameters and land use and occupation. Although the correlation was not strong, the characteristics of the study area are prone to soil erosion and because the region presents a large occupation by pastures, the need for a management plan that acts in such areas with actions that minimize erosive processes and conserve the regions of still expressive native vegetation in the studied basin.