Phytochemical analysis and antimicrobial activity of the ethanolic extract of residue of Hymenaea courbaril L. timber
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.6008/CBPC2179-6858.2020.004.0006Keywords:
Phytochemistry, Jatobá, FhytopathogensAbstract
The use of wood residues of the genus Hymenaea (family Fabaceae) is an opportunity for the development of bioproducts due to its bioactive compounds with biological properties in their chemical constitution. In this context, the objective was to verify the chemical composition of ethanolic extracts and fractions from branches of Hymenaea courbaril and to evaluate the antimicrobial activity against phytopathogenic fungi. The material used in the research was obtained from forest residues of Jatobá trees (Hymenaea courbaril) from the management area located near the city of Santarém, Pará, Brazil. The material was unfolded to obtain sawdust, that oven-dried at 40° C for 96 hours and extracted in ethyl alcohol in the Soxhlet apparatus. The solvent was removed, obtaining the average yield of the extracts of 16.09%. Phytochemical characterization of Hymenaea courbaril extracts was performed by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and Gas Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS). The fungitoxic action of the extracts was evaluated by means of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFCs) for the fungi Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus niger, Macrophomina phaseolina, Aspergillus parasiticus and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. The classes of compounds present in the Hymenaea courbaril extract and fractions detected by TLC and GC/MS were fatty acids, terpenes, phytosterols, tannins and flavonoids. In the MIC, antimicrobial activity was verified for all tested fungi, and Macrophomina phaseolina was the most sensitive microorganism, with an inhibitory action between 1000 µg. mL-1 to 15.625 µg. mL-1, concluding that Hymenaea courbaril can be a promising alternative source to control phytopathogenic fungi.
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