Hydrological characterization and susceptibility of risk to flood in the watershed of the city of Arroio do Padre/RS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.6008/CBPC2179-6858.2019.001.0024Keywords:
Geographic Information System, Watershed, Management of basins, Public administration, Water resourcesAbstract
The occurrence of numerous extreme events related to the climate in Brazil leads to economic and socio-environmental losses every year, especially floods. The occurrence and magnitude of such damage depends on the vulnerabilities associated with the territory's social, economic, political, environmental, climatic, geographic and health conditions. Due to the successive episodes of floods in the city of Arroio do Padre/RS, the objective of the present study was to analyze the consequences of these events, the characteristics of the hydrological system, as well as the susceptibility of occurrences of floods in this city. The methodology chosen for spatial analysis was made through GIS (Geographic Information System) by the Free Software Quantum Gis Wien version 2.8.1, the use of geoprocessing tools was used to obtain the limits of the watersheds. In order to evaluate the hydrological characteristics, the morphometric characteristics were calculated in order to observe if the watersheds generated are successive to floods, through the parameters such as Coefficient of Compaction (Kc), Index of Conformation (Ic) and Time of Concentration (Tc ). In order to compare the results obtained by the morphometric analysis, a flood risk map was generated for the city using SIG in conjunction with the Hierarchical Analysis of Weights (AHP) method. It was noticed that the urban area of Arroio do Padre presents a reduced number of areas prone to both flooding and flooding, however, the situation is not repeated in the rural area of the city. By the analysis of Ic it can be affirmed that all watersheds that encompass the city present a tendency to floods, which is also seen in the flood risk map generated for the study area. Therefore, it was verified that the city of Arroio do Padre shows a great tendency to have sudden floods. It is important to make diagnoses using geographic information systems to carry out watershed studies, since these are presented as optimization tools and environmental planning, which enhance the management of public policies in the area.
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