Water Quality Assessment: Hydrosanitary Conception of the Rio do Campo Basin, Paraná, Brazil

Abstract

The Rio do Campo is responsible for 80% of public supply in the municipality of Campo Mourão (PR). Its area comprises approximately 170km². Land use around the basin is predominantly agriculture, with annual crops. The objective of this work was to analyze the water quality through physical, chemical, microbiological parameters and determination of water quality indexes (IQA) and trophic state (IET) of the Campo do basin, as well as the identification and quantification of agrochemicals by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC / MS). Three collection points were selected upstream, one point in the urban perimeter and two downstream. The results obtained in the physical, chemical, microbiological, BOD, nitrogen and total phosphorus analyzes classified the raw water of the Rio do Campo (in the analyzed extension) as a function of the IQA as bad and IET as mesotrophic. Analyzes of 29 agrochemicals by GC / MS for water samples collected at the six points showed the presence of these analytes in 16 samples out of 30 analyzed, and 17 agrochemicals were detected below the minimum concentration range 0.01μg/L- 1 (Alaclor, Aldrin, Atrazine, Chordane, DDD, DDE, DDT, Diedrin, Endrin, Endosulfan α, Endosulfan β, Heptachlor, Heptachlor Epoxide, Lindane, Metallochlor, Pendimethalin and Permethrin) and 10 quantified (Aldrin, DDD, DDE, Diedr , Endosulfan α, Endrin, Heptachlor, Heptachlor Epoxide, Metalochlorine and Permethrin). The presence of these agrochemicals in the Campo do Rio basin may compromise aquatic life and affect human health, as these compounds are considered persistent organic pollutants with high degradation time. Thus, frequent monitoring of water quality and surrounding activities should be carried out to enable greater water conservation.