Comparison of antifungal activity of commercial oil and ethanolic extract of neem (Azadirachta indica Juss) leaves against phytopathogenic fungi
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.6008/CBPC2179-6858.2018.006.0007Keywords:
Alternative control, Natural products, MicroorganismsAbstract
Fungicides are responsible for environmental contamination and are also harmful to human health. The harm caused by these synthetic products has led to the search for alternative control methods, such as substances derived from plant extracts and oils. Numerous scientific research has already found the antifungal potential of oil and neem extracts (Azadirachta indica Juss), and the oil has become a product marketed by numerous brands, suitable for spraying in agriculture. In this context, this study aimed to compare the antifungal activity of commercial oil and ethanol extract obtained from fresh neem leaves against phytopathogenic fungi. For this, the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and the Minimum Fungicide Concentration (CFM) of both products against Fusarium oxysporum, Macrophomina phaseolina, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Aspergillus parasiticus at 1000 to 15,625µg.mL-1 were evaluated. Both the oil and the ethanol extract of neem showed antifungal activity, being inhibitory against M. phaseolina at a minimum concentration of 250µg.mL-1, and F. oxysporum at a minimum concentration of 250µg.mL-1 (oil) and 500µg. mL-1 (extract) and both against S. sclerotiorum and A. parasiticus at a minimum concentration of 1000µg.mL-1. However, only the ethanolic extract of neem showed fungicidal activity against F. oxysporum and M. phaseolina at a minimum concentration of 500µg.mL-1 and 1000µg.mL-1, respectively. Thus, the ethanolic extract of fresh neem leaves has been shown to be a potential substitute for commercial neem oil, which makes it advantageous because it can be obtained easily on farms without the need for sophisticated equipment and at a reduced cost, acting in the alternative control of phytopathogenic fungi.
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