Agrobiodiversity of agroforestry systems with coffee in western Amazonia

Abstract

Agroecosystems based on agroecology contribute to the mitigation of environmental problems, while producing ecosystem goods and services. The objective of this study was to investigate the floristic composition, richness and diversity of plants in agroforestry systems (SAF) with canephora coffee tree (Coffea sp.), as main component, established in the municipality of Cacoal, Rondônia. All individuals with a breast height diameter greater than or equal to five cm, measured at 130 cm from the ground, were inventoried in seven SAF. After identification of the species were calculated the parameters of frequency, density, dominance, importance value, coberture value, Jaccard similarity, Shannon-Wierner diversity, Pielou equability and Simpson dominance. For the vertical structure, the SAF were stratified by the Longhi method. A total of 835 individuals, distributed in 71 species, 5 morphospecies, 54 genera and 27 botanical families, were inventoried. The families with the highest species richness were: Fabaceae, Annonaceae, Myrtaceae, Anacardiaceae e Bignoniaceae. The SAF presented in their floristic composition a species gradient, with 49% of native, 23% exotic and 28% were not confirmed. SAF are not similar, with no common species at all. The index diversity of Shannon-Wierner, ranged form 0,54 to 2,79; Pielou equability from 0,42 to 0,87 and Simpson dominance 0,27 to 0,92. The species most frequent were embaúba (Cecropia engleriana Snethl.) e bandarra (Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum (Huber ex Ducke) Barneby), present in 86% of the SAF. The importance value of the species that make up the SAF, showed a stock of individuals with potential timber. The SAF were multi-stratified, with presence of three strata for all agroecosystem. In 43% of the SAF the best represented individuals are in stratum two (E2). The coefficients found indicate the SAF with coffee tree with potential for nature conservation and agrobiodiversity.