Bacteriological analysis for surface water quality assessment of the lower Guamá sub-basin in Belém do Pará
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.6008/CBPC2179-6858.2021.010.0009Keywords:
Water resources, Thermotolerant coliforms, SanitationAbstract
The municipality of Belém is among those with the worst basic sanitation index in the country, with an emphasis on the sanitary sewage system that increases the load of pollutants in the receiving bodies, among them the Guamá River. Considering this scenario where only 13% of the population has sewage collection, the situation calls for alert, as history reveals that the population's health is related to the level of sanitation and the way in which water resources are used. In this sense, the research aimed to determine the conditions of the surface waters of the Guamá River, in the lower Guamá sub-basin in Belém, with analysis of microbiological parameters and to identify which factors have influenced the results obtained. Primary data were obtained by collecting water from 08 points of the sub-basin, in the Belém section, in the rainy and non-rainy seasons of 2020 for further analysis of the concentration of thermotolerant coliforms - CT. Furthermore, secondary data were obtained regarding the number of notifications of the main waterborne diseases and related to lack of sanitation, through Datasus between 2007 and 2017. Data analysis was based on the comparison of the legal limits of Res. CONAMA 357/ 05, as well as statistical tests. As a result, the legal limits (1,000 NMP/100ml) were exceeded at several points, where in the less rainy period it had an average of 3,799.5 NMP/100ml, reaching a maximum of 12,098 NMP/100ml at point 05. In the wettest period, it presented results greater than 24,000 NMP/100ml at all points. Statistically, the TC had a significant difference in seasonality. Secondary data indicate a total of 17,304 notifications of the diseases surveyed in the period analyzed, with dengue and leptospirosis, related to lack of sanitation, with higher incidences. It is concluded that the capital has been reflected both in the quality of the receiving body and in the health of the population. Social and environmental factors in the collected points may be related to the high concentration resulting from TC found and diseases due to poor sanitation.
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