Efficiency of n fixation by rhizobacteria native to the semiarid

Abstract

Chemical fertilization for a long period can have several negative effects on the soil and, consequently, on the development of crops, so it is important to seek alternative forms of fertilization that provide for the preservation of the cultivation environment and an efficient and sustainable plant growth. The inoculation of plants with nitrogen-fixing bacteria has shown very positive results in several scientific studies with several plant species of economic interest. In addition, it is a cheaper source of nitrogen than nitrogen fertilizer, reducing labor and machinery costs. However, bacteria from commercial inoculants can be sensitive to abiotic stresses at the location to be introduced, reducing the efficiency of the product, especially in semi-arid climate regions due to high air temperatures, long periods of drought and problems with soil and water salinity. The use of native strains can provide greater efficiency in nitrogen fixation and plant development under adverse conditions, as they are adapted to these conditions. Studies in semiarid environments showed that these strains have nitrogen acquisition efficiency equal to or greater than the use of commercial inoculants or nitrogen fertilization. The use of inoculants aimed at strains adapted to semiarid conditions can promote the development of local agriculture, due to the reduction with nitrogen fertilization and the possibility of inserting other crops in the production system. However, the process of formulating a new inoculant for the market demands resources, research and takes years to complete