Occurrence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in a cupuaçu plantation on the road to Balbina, Amazonas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.6008/CBPC2179-6858.2020.002.0009Keywords:
Mycorrhizae colonization, Glomus sp, Scutellospora spAbstract
About 90% of the Amazonian soils are acid and of low fertility, low in nitrogen and phosphorus, also having aluminum toxicity, which limits their use in regional agriculture. Considering the high cost of fertilizers and other inputs, in addition to transportation difficulties by regional farmers, regional farming systems need to be redirected in order to give the regional population greater independence in commodities without causing damage to ecosystems. Thus, plants associations with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMFs) constitute an alternative of great importance to minimize the use of fertilizers, since they help plants to explore the soils better. The benefits of this symbiosis for the host result of improvements in the nutritional status of the plant, better utilization and conservation of nutrients in the system, reducing losses by stresses of biotic or abiotic nature. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of charcoal, chemical fertilizer and organic soil in mycorrhizal colonization of cupuassu. The study was conducted at Km 42 of Balbina road in Presidente Figueiredo Amazonas. Two harvest samples were made with leaves, roots and soils, one in the dry season and another one in the rainy, using four treatments with three replications. The AMF were evaluated by the bleaching method and coloring the roots. The soil, with liming, had higher Ca and Mg, but without reducing the high levels of Al and acidity. Fertilization with K and P raised the levels of these elements in the soil and the Fe and Zn, which should be present as traces in P and K fertilizer added. The root colonization by AMF were low in the two surveys carried out, being lower in the rainy season. The contribution of mycorrhizal fungi symbiosis plants, for plant nutrition was affected due to low occurrence of fungi in the roots. Spores of the genus Glomus sp were the ones that occurred in soils, followed by the genus Scutellospora sp.
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