Contamination of soil and water by phosphors as a function of swine activity in the catchment area of Santa Catarina
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.6008/CBPC2179-6858.2022.005.0021Keywords:
Eutrophication, Water quality, Soil quality, Index of Trophic StatusAbstract
The contamination of aquatic environments by phosphorus (P) has caused degradation of water quality, mainly due to anthropic activities. The swine activity has been presented as highly polluting due to the volume of waste generated, usually applied in agricultural areas and that can contaminate the soil and water sources. In this context, the objective of the present study is to evaluate the contamination of water and soil by phosphorus, influenced by swine activity, in the Rio Coruja/Bonito watershed, in Braço do Norte/SC. The present study was carried out in four pig farms and in the Rio Coruja, from July/2015 to June/2016. Water samples were collected (Jul/2015, Oct/2015, Dec/2015, Mar/2016 and Jun/2016) and soil samples (Dec/2015). In the water samples, the values of dissolved P (Pd), particulate P (Pp), total P (Pt) and Trophic State Index (IET) were determined, applying the boundary values according to CONAMA Resolution 357/2005. In the soil samples the P extracted by Mehlich-1 and clay contents were determined, from which the Critical Environmental Phosphorus Limit (LCA-P) was calculated. The Pt contents in the water were above the limit established by the current legislation, with the potential to cause eutrophication and reduce water quality at all evaluated points. Associated with this, the application of swine manure in the soil in arable areas contributes to the contribution of particulate material, as well as the soil as a source of P to water bodies. Thus, in areas that receive applications of swine manure, it is recommended the use of mitigation measures that reduce the transfer of water and sediments to water sources, such as the adoption of conservation systems of soil management, also reducing the transport of P and other potentially contaminating elements.
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