Dimensioning and evaluation of constructed wetland used for domestic effluent treatment in rural areas: a case study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.6008/CBPC2179-6858.2021.006.0024Keywords:
Constructed wetlands, Basic sanitation, Decentralized treatmentAbstract
The use of constructed wetlands in the decentralized treatment of domestic effluents is a way to improve the sanitation of disadvantaged populations and a clear alternative for rural areas. The present study aimed to design and evaluate the performance of domestic wastewater treatment in rural areas through a horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland (HSSF-CW), preceded by a septic tank. The septic tank was designed and built according to NBR 7229/1993, while for HSSF-CW, it followed the guidelines of Philippi et al. (2004), and was vegetated with macrophytes of the Cannaceae family. The system went into operation in February 2018 and was monitored by specific collections for physicochemical and bacteriological analyzes, during a period of three months. The unit showed removal efficiencies of 79% for turbidity, 68% for biochemical oxygen demand, 55% for chemical oxygen demand, 21% for total Kjeldahl nitrogen, 31% for total coliforms, and 11% for Escherichia coli. Due to the high loading of solids applied in the HSSF-CW cross-section, signs of clogging were observed in the filter material after 45 days of operation. However, even with this problem, the performance of the treatment was satisfactory, being an alternative for the treatment of domestic sewage.
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