Solubility of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of extracts obtained from residue of wine grapes of the Bordô Cultivar
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.6008/CBPC2179-6858.2021.005.0010Keywords:
Phenolic extracts, Antioxidant capacity, Solubility, HPLC, Vitis viniferaAbstract
Wine production generates large amounts of residues, accounting for around 20% of the raw material. Such residue consists of stem, bagasse, seeds, and lees, which are rich in bioactive compounds and nutritional value, being used to complement animal feed or in soil fertilization. In order to give a nobler destination to the residue, the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of extraction solvents on phenolic compounds from wine residue of the Bordô cultivar, as well as the in vitro antioxidant activity of the extracts. For this purpose, a factorial study design based on the solvent:water ratio was implemented with two solvents (methanol and ethanol) combined at 0, 50, 75, and 100% proportion of solvent with water (v/v) for a total of eight treatments. Analyses of total phenols (TP), total anthocyanins (ANT), antioxidant capacity (AC), and reducing sugars (RS) were performed. Contents of gallic acid, caffeic acid, and resveratrol were also quantified through HPLC. The in vitro results indicate the blend of solvent and water with either ethanol or methanol at 50 or 75% improves the solubility of phenolic compounds in residue from grapes of the Bordô cultivar and, consequently, facilitates the permeability and transfer of those compounds via diffusion. A strong direct correlation was found among TP, AC, and ANT, with caffeic acid standing out for its antioxidant activity among the three compounds identified through HPLC. However, the results are inconclusive regarding the chemical nature favored in the eight in vitro treatments, but the RS results indicate those compounds are present as complex phenolic compounds.
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