Understanding and intervening in patient occupations in the ICU: a scoping review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.6008/CBPC2236-9600.2023.002.0005Keywords:
Activity of Daily Living, Critical Care, Intensive Care Unit, Health PersonnelAbstract
In the literature, the understanding of occupations by health professionals is not commonly referred to or problematized. Considering that we are occupational beings and that in the hospital environment, especially in an Intensive Care Unit (ICU), inpatients are submitted to situations - whether related to critical illness or to the unit routine - that may change, modify and hinder the performance of occupations, it is important to know how health professionals understand and/or intervene with people who experience occupations in the ICU. Thus, the aim of this study was to map how health professionals understand and/or intervene in the occupations of ICU patients. A scoping review was conducted, which included studies available in full, in English, dated from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2021 in the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus and Virtual Health Library (VHL) databases. As results, 34 studies were found, in which the most described occupations were rest and sleep, followed by activities of daily living, functional mobility and bathing, respectively. It was verified that the most cited professional category corresponded to nursing, and that health professionals understand occupations as a health factor, which, if not stimulated or if preventive actions are not taken, may cause risks that alter the patient's prognosis. For health professionals, occupations in the ICU are related to strategies for health maintenance and risk reduction. In this sense, it is important that professionals understand what occupations are and how they can be performed in the ICU, reflecting on the individual experiences of each person, because occupations can guide the care process.
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