Nematodes diversity in agroecosystem of cotton in Mato Grosso
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.6008/SPC2179-6858.2017.001.0011Keywords:
Cotonicultura, Nematofauna, Índices EcológicosAbstract
The cotton crop has great economic and social importance to Brazil, however provides significant environmental impacts. Among these environmental impacts, it can mention the population dynamics of nematodes in agroecosystems as an indicator of soil quality. Thus, the aim of this paper was to characterize the nematode community in habitat cultivated with cotton in different phenologicals stages of the crop. It were collected two soil samples at a depth of 30 cm, by area (field) and phenological stage (initial, before the culture is implanted; vegetative; reproductive and physiological maturity). It were realized analyses of richness, abundance, frequency of occurrence (FO), punctual abundance index (PAI), Shannon diversity index (H') it were performed the weather data recorded. At total of 4,400 individuals were identified (abundance), distributed in six families. (Aphelenchidae, Aphelenchoididae, Heteroderidae, Hoplolaimidae, Pratylenchidae e Tylenchidae). The predominant genera were Helicotylenchus (64.77%), Pratylenchus (15.45%) and Aphelenchus (9.32%). In all samples, the number of plant parasites was larger than the mycophagous. The vegetative and physiological maturity stages, had the largest population of mycophagous in field 5 (Th5) and at the initial stage and physiological maturity in field 11 (Th11). As for richness, the two plots had the same number of genus. It was identified as exclusive the genus Meloidogyne in Th5 and Tylenchus in Th11. Considering the FO, the Aphelenchus, Helicotylenchus and Pratylenchus genus were observed in 75% of samples at the Th5 and Helicotylenchus (100%) and Pratylenchus (50%) at the Th11. Similar results of the PO were observed to PAI, adding the genus Aphelenchoides in Th11. As to H', it observed a total range of 0.60 with value in Th5 less than Th11. By analyzing the canonical correspondence (CCA), it observed that meteorological data did not interfere directly in the fluctuation of nematodes in both fields. Thus, it was observed that the nematode community, in this paper, was composed mostly by the population of plant parasites and physiological maturity of the cotton plant was the phenological stage with the greatest achievement of individuals both plant parasites as mycophagous.
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