Bovine rabies in the northeast mesoregion of Pará state: an agro-environmental approach
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.6008/CBPC2179-6858.2021.001.0012Keywords:
Virus, Bat, Cattle raising, Deforestation, AmazonAbstract
Rabies is a generally fatal course zoonosis which affects both animals and humans, caused by a Lyssavirus virus. The disease causes considerable economic losses to both agribusiness and the public sector, in addition to serious Public Health problem. The main cattle and human rabies transmitter is the Desmodus rotundus hematophagous bat. Rabies epidemiology is directly related to the environmental issue, such as deforestation and the introduction of domestic animals. The study was carried out in the Northeast mesoregion of Pará because it is proportionally the most deforested one and it is considered the main focus of bovine rabies and it was conducted in order to analyze the evolution of occurrence and spatial and temporal distribution of bovine rabies for 13 years, in two distinct periods, verifying the existence of tendency, cyclicality and seasonality, besides relating the cases with deforestation and cattle raising. Secondary data were obtained from official sources: Agricultural and Livestock Defense Agency (bovine rabies cases), IBGE (cattle raising) and INPE/PRODES (deforestation). For statistical analysis, Microsoft Excel® 2013 and BioEstat 5.3 software were used. Results showed different tendencies in rabies occurrence in the analyzed periods, in addition to the disease wide spread among the microregions, except for the Salgado microregion, which presented itself as a silent area. The Bragantina and Guamá microregions stood out for the high number of positive cases and the wide spread among their municipalities, respectively. Rabies was more correlated with deforestation than cattle raising activity. The disease seasonality cannot be proven, however it was more common in the rainiest period. Cyclicality is suggested in Northeast mesoregion specific areas. The intense deforestation and the presence of rabies virus in this area demonstrate how environmental imbalance tends to negatively impact the occurrence of diseases such as rabies in this area of Brazilian Amazon.
Keywords: Virus; Bat; Cattle raising; Deforestation; Amazon.
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