Study on GHG emissions from solid waste disposal in the metropolitan Recife region
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.6008/CBPC2179-6858.2019.006.0015Keywords:
Public Policies, Climate Change, Global Warming Potential, Waste Generation, CO2 EquivalentAbstract
The urban solid waste sector (MSW) is pointed as one of the most polluting and emitting Greenhouse Gases (GHG) by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2006), in particular by methane (CH4) which has a heating potential 21 to 28 times greater than carbon dioxide (CO2) and represents 3 to 5 % of global emissions. The overall objective is to estimate GHG emissions from MSW disposal in the Recife Metropolitan Region (RMR), from 2006 to 2018, whose specific objectives are determine the components of MSW, the quantification of GHG emissions in RMR arising from the disposal of urban solid waste and to compare the emissions to those determined in 2005 for the first Brazilian report on this issue. The following methodology was used, a bibliographical review were carried out through an exploratory research, technical visits and interviews with important players in the management of MSW in the RMR, study of the generation of CH4 and CO2 emissions for the MSW sector under the IPCC model (2006) and survey of primary and secondary data required for the use of this model, taking as a premise the prioritization of official data of national statistics published in the Demographic Census by Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), Geological Survey of Brazil ( CPRM), National Survey of Basic Sanitation Systems (SNIS), and additional information on solid waste management, gathered from municipal managers and teams responsible for waste treatment facilities that serve the metropolitan region of Recife (RMR). RMR has 15 municipalities, 3,216,262 km², 4.054,866 inhabitants (IBGE,2018), demographic density of 1,260,738 inhabitants/km2 and an MSW generation of 3,657.6 ton.day-1. Each municipality has specific characteristics regarding the generation and composition of waste. The average for RMR is 33.04% organic matter, 30.42% recyclable material and 28.49% tailings and others. In 2018, waste was disposed of in 02 private landfills, 01 public landfill and 01 waste dumping ground. From 2006 to 2018, approximately 10,5 x 106 t.CO2e was generated. Estimates made for the first Brazilian report on CO2e emissions in 2005 (1990 - 2005) were approximately 8.6 million tCO2e. Comparing the data of the two periods of studies, there was an increase of 18.32% compared to 2005, however the Brazilian NDC predicts a reduction of 34% in 2025 and 45% in 2030. Scenarios are being built to meet the assumed goals for Brazil.
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