Cytotoxic, genotoxic and mutagenic potential of groundwater located in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.6008/CBPC2179-6858.2021.008.0021Keywords:
Bioassay, Genotoxicity, Micronucleus, Human consumptionAbstract
Access to groundwater occurs mainly through the drilling of wells, which are called dug well or drilled well. Studies in the literature indicate that characteristics related to the type and depth of wells can affect the quality of groundwater. In this sense, the objective was to evaluate whether the type and depth of wells influence the cytotoxic, genotoxic, and mutagenic effects of groundwater on meristematic cells of Allium cepa. In this way, A. cepa seeds were submitted to bioassays with water from 63 wells with different types (dug and drilled wellt) and depths (<5 to >15 m). To evaluate the cytotoxic effects were calculated the Cell Death Index (CDI) and Mitotic Index (MI), and for the genotoxic and mutagenic were calculated the Chromosome Alterations Index (CAI) and the Mutagenicity Index (MTI), respectively. Regarding the type of wells, a cytotoxic effect was observed for the MI parameter (p=0.02) for water from a dug well when compared to the drilled wellt. However, no genotoxic effect was observed when the two types were compared. It is worth noting that water from drilled wells induced more mutagenicity (p=0.01) when compared to dug wells. For the depth of the wells, an increase in micronuclei directly proportional to the increase in depth was observed, with a significant difference being observed for the wells with >15 m. Thus, it was possible to conclude that the water from dug wells showed more cytotoxicity and that drilled and deeper wells (>15 m) showed more mutagenicity in meristematic cells of A. cepa.
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