Biomarkers in ecotoxicology: biological samples as tools for human exposure to mercury associated with fisheries
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.6008/CBPC2179-6858.2021.011.0020Keywords:
Toxicology, Human Health, MetilmercuryAbstract
Mercury is recognized for its deleterious properties when in contact with humans, the organic form of mercury methylmercury (MeHg) is a neurotoxin with great implication in the development of fetal encephalon. The determination of the exposure of populations to toxic components, in particular mercury, mainly in its organic form (MeHg), is carried out by means of human biomarkers which mainly include hair, blood, urine and nails representing the actual concentrations of mercury present in the body. In this context, the objective of the present study is to review the scientific literature on the biomarkers of fish-eating populations in order to systematically compare the global exposure of MeHg among adults. The literature review was carried out through a systematic electronic search between the years 2008 and 2018, with descriptors referring to the human risk assessment for exposure to methylmercury (MeHg). From the search strategies 95 articles were included in the review. Of the 95 studies involving the biomarkers, 64 (67.3%) exclusively describe the concentrations of mercury in the hair and 16 (16.8%) in the blood. No studies were found to show total mercury concentrations exclusively in urine, 15 (15.7%) describe concentrations of total mercury and / or methylmercury in more than one biomarker (hair, blood and / or urine). All studies included in the present review presented a risk assessment for mercury contamination in relation to fish intake, 88 studies (92.6%) present daily / weekly / monthly / annual consumption or estimated of the studied population. Although mercury concentrations vary by study area, frequency of fish consumption and place of residence, most studies have shown mercury concentrations above limits considered safe by regulatory agencies such as the US EPA of 1.0 μg / g.
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