Use of photoprotectors to prevent damage by sun exposure: concepts, historical evaluation and recommendations

Abstract

Ultraviolet rays (UV) are fundamental elements for human life, because it is through direct exposure to them that the body can synthesize 80 to 90% of the necessary vitamin D, however, the exacerbated exposure to these elements can cause permanent damage to skin. It is perceived that the use of sunscreen or photoprotector is undeniable and has been gaining more space in the world market. The production of products with safety and efficacy is based on the understanding of their mechanism of action and formulations, with the Sun Protection Factor (SPF) being the main data to quantify the photoprotective efficacy. This study is a bibliographic review on photoprotectors that aims to review the historical concepts that involve the use of photoprotectors, presenting their classifications regarding UV filters and methods of assessing sun protection, highlighting the importance of using them in preventing skin damage. The literature review method was based on articles in the Portuguese language about photoprotectors, damage from sun exposure and evaluation of sunscreens, available in the Capes Periodic databases, Microsoft Academic Search, Virtual Health Library and SciELO (Scientific Eletronic Library Online ). After the research, it can be concluded that there are several presentations of photoprotectors and that their correct use is a fundamental part for a healthy and harmless complexion.