Biogas energy production and energy process: a review of the systems and technologies existing in the market

Abstract

Renewable energy sources contribute to improving the socio-environmental picture of the planet, while these energies have a reduced level of pollution compared to fossil energy sources. Biogas, produced from the anaerobic digestion of organic matter present in agricultural and agroindustrial waste, represents an alternative and renewable source of energy increasingly used throughout the world, with a significant potential for biogas production through these biomasses. Thus, in this article a literature review was developed, developed through national and international legislation, books and periodicals, aiming at a detailed analysis of the biogas production systems and techniques available in the market, from the moment of pretreatment of the residue until its conversion into energy. In view of this study, it can be observed that biogas presents as an energetic alternative in the set of renewables, where the benefits generated by the use, besides economic, are social and environmental, thus meeting the needs of waste treatment of diverse origins, creating a positive relationship between economic and environmental development. However, projects for the generation of energy by means of biogas demand implementation, operation and maintenance costs, but in the whole they demonstrate that the process of viability of the energy utilization depends, substantially, on the scale of the same ones, to become self-sustaining. Thus, these results only presuppose a situation that can be better evaluated on the basis of frequent studies to improve the processes, since each particular situation is influenced by local characteristics.