Spatial-temporal variability of the climate variable at the southern mesoregion of Amazonas

Abstract

To understand the spatial-temporal variability of the climate, as well as its elements, is crucial to comprehend its dynamics in local, regional or global scale. The main aim of this paper was to identify the dynamic of the air temperature, relative humidity and dew point temperature at the Amazonas Southern Mesoregion. Data have been collected throughout 10 year (April 2008 to April 2018) by the automatic weather stations from the Brazilian Meteorological Institute, placed in the municipality of Humaitá, Apuí, Manicoré, Boca do Acre and Lábrea, Amazonas, Brazil. Data descriptive statistics of hourly and monthly means, standard error, median, variance, kurtosis and asymmetry have been used. The highest temperature have been observed between 12 and 14hs and the lowest between 3 and 6hs. The hottest months were those ones from August to October and Manicoré was the city with the highest air temperature. The dew point temperature registered the lowest values during the dry period (May to September), in average 17 ºC, in which Manicoré, again, have shown the highest temperatures. The air relative humidity have registered the highest hourly percentages during the nocturnal time. The months from July to September have shown the lowest percentage mean (70%). The city of Apuí had the highest average among the study cities (90%). Finally, the climate pattern at the Amazonas Southern region have shown seasonality. The highest air temperature have been observed during the winter and the lowest in the summer season. The other way around was observed to the dew point temperature and to the air relative humidity.