Biological nitrogen removal in wastewater: a review of conventional to the new conceptual processes

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.6008/CBPC2179-6858.2018.003.0015

Keywords:

Nitrogen Removal, Nitrification, Denitrification, Sharon, Anammox, CANON

Abstract

The discharge of effluents into water bodies or sewage networks must be monitored and comply the environmental laws. The maximum allowable concentrations for the release of nutrients, especially nitrogen, became more restrictive after 2005. Nitrogen is one of the nutrients that is present in several wastewater, such as leachate, industrial effluents and sewage. The disposal of this type of effluent without reducing in the nitrogen load results in impacts on the fauna and flora of ecosystems in general. The removal of nitrogen is based on the conversion of ammonia to nitrite and nitrate (nitrification) and subsequent reduction of these to nitrogen gas (denitrification). Several biological methods have been and are being developed to remove nitrogen from wastewater based on complex configurations of series reactors or unicompartmentalized systems. Recently, new metabolic routes involving more efficient and economical processes have been presented. This work presents a literature review for the process of conventional nitrification and denitrification, simultaneous nitrification and denitrification, Sharon (Single Reactor System for High Activity Ammonia Removal Over Nitrite), Anammox (Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation) and Canon (Completely Autotrophic Nitrogen Removal Over Nitrite). The main characteristics of each process were discussed, such as biochemical reactions, biological growth, inhibitors, requirements and applications.

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Author Biographies

Carla Beatriz Casagrande Bortoluci, Universidade Federal de Alfenas

Possui graduação em Engenharia Química pelo Centro Universitário das Faculdades Associadas de Ensino - UNIFAE (2015), onde atuou com pesquisa em processo de fermentação alcoólica, Mestrado em Ciência e Engenharia Ambiental pela Universidade Federal de Alfenas - UNIFAL (2017-2019) na área de tratamento de efluentes.

Eduardo Paniguel Oliveira, Universidade Federal de Alfenas

Mestrando em Ciência e Engenharia Ambiental. Engenheiro Ambiental (UNIFAL-MG). Graduação sanduíche na University of Maine (UMaine). Bacharel Interdisciplinar em Ciência e Tecnologia (UNIFAL-MG). 

Matheus Marques Pizzo, Universidade Federal de Alfenas

Mestrando em Engenharia Ambiental (UNIFAL-MG). Engenheiro Químico (UNIFAL-MG). Bacharel em Ciência e Tecnologia (UNIFAL-MG). Experiência na área de Engenharia Química, atuando principalmente nos seguintes temas: Tratamento de Drenagem Ácida de Mina; Caracterização e Identificação de Contaminantes em Polietileno Reciclado; Combustíveis Sólidos, Tratamento de Efluentes. 

Renata Piacentini Rodriguez, Universidade Federal de Alfenas

Professora Associada da Universidade Federal de Alfenas, campus de Poços de Caldas e docente permanente do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Engenharia Ambiental. Doutora em Engenharia Hidráulica e Saneamento pela Universidade de São Paulo e Mestre em Biotecnologia pela Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho. Especialista em processos anaeróbios de efluentes, com ênfase na remoção de metais e produção de biometano. Pesquisadora visitante do Argonne National Laboratory, onde lidera pesquisas envolvendo o ciclo do ferro e enxofre em sistemas acidogênicos em parceria com o grupo de Biogeoquímica Ambiental. Desenvolve projetos na área de bioflotação de minérios e consultoria na área de tratamento de elfuentes e produção de bioenergia. 

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Published

2018-05-23

Issue

Vol. 9 No. 3 (2018): Revista Ibero-Americana de Ciências Ambientais - Fev, Mar 2018

Section

Engenharia Sanitária

License

Copyright (c) 2018 Ibero-American Journal of Environmental Sciences

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